Which of the following is an example of climate change adaptation?

• A. Cap-and-trade
• B. Carbon pricing
• C. Renewable energy incentives
• D. Flood defenses

Answer: (D)

Adaptation means making changes to reduce vulnerability to climate impacts that are already happening or expected in the future. Building flood defenses directly reduces risk and potential damage from increased flooding, storms, and sea‑level rise, helping communities cope with changing conditions. The other options focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which is mitigation rather than adapting to climate impacts: cap-and-trade and carbon pricing are policies aimed at limiting emissions, while renewable energy incentives promote a shift to cleaner energy to prevent future climate change. Flood defenses exemplify taking action to adjust to climate risks.